Pytorch-Fsdp Skill

Comprehensive assistance with pytorch-fsdp development, generated from official documentation.

When to Use This Skill

This skill should be triggered when:

• Working with pytorch-fsdp
• Asking about pytorch-fsdp features or APIs
• Implementing pytorch-fsdp solutions
• Debugging pytorch-fsdp code
• Learning pytorch-fsdp best practices

Quick Reference

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: Generic Join Context Manager# Created On: Jun 06, 2025 | Last Updated On: Jun 06, 2025 The generic join context manager facilitates distributed training on uneven inputs. This page outlines the API of the relevant classes: Join, Joinable, and JoinHook. For a tutorial, see Distributed Training with Uneven Inputs Using the Join Context Manager. class torch.distributed.algorithms.Join(joinables, enable=True, throw_on_early_termination=False, kwargs)[source]# This class defines the generic join context manager, which allows custom hooks to be called after a process joins. These hooks should shadow the collective communications of non-joined processes to prevent hanging and erroring and to ensure algorithmic correctness. Refer to JoinHook for details about the hook definition. Warning The context manager requires each participating Joinable to call the method notify_join_context() before its own per- iteration collective communications to ensure correctness. Warning The context manager requires that all process_group attributes in the JoinHook objects are the same. If there are multiple JoinHook objects, then the device of the first is used. The process group and device information is used for checking for non- joined processes and for notifying processes to throw an exception if throw_on_early_termination is enabled, both of which using an all- reduce. Parameters joinables (List[Joinable]) – a list of the participating Joinable s; their hooks are iterated over in the given order. enable (bool) – a flag enabling uneven input detection; setting to False disables the context manager’s functionality and should only be set when the user knows the inputs will not be uneven (default: True). throw_on_early_termination (bool) – a flag controlling whether to throw an exception upon detecting uneven inputs (default: False). Example: >>> import os >>> import torch >>> import torch.distributed as dist >>> import torch.multiprocessing as mp >>> import torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel as DDP >>> import torch.distributed.optim.ZeroRedundancyOptimizer as ZeRO >>> from torch.distributed.algorithms.join import Join >>> >>> # On each spawned worker >>> def worker(rank): >>> dist.init_process_group("nccl", rank=rank, world_size=2) >>> model = DDP(torch.nn.Linear(1, 1).to(rank), device_ids=[rank]) >>> optim = ZeRO(model.parameters(), torch.optim.Adam, lr=0.01) >>> # Rank 1 gets one more input than rank 0 >>> inputs = [torch.tensor([1.]).to(rank) for _ in range(10 + rank)] >>> with Join([model, optim]): >>> for input in inputs: >>> loss = model(input).sum() >>> loss.backward() >>> optim.step() >>> # All ranks reach here without hanging/erroring static notify_join_context(joinable)[source]# Notifies the join context manager that the calling process has not yet joined. Then, if throw_on_early_termination=True, checks if uneven inputs have been detected (i.e. if one process has already joined) and throws an exception if so. This method should be called from a Joinable object before its per-iteration collective communications. For example, this should be called at the beginning of the forward pass in DistributedDataParallel. Only the first Joinable object passed into the context manager performs the collective communications in this method, and for the others, this method is vacuous. Parameters joinable (Joinable) – the Joinable object calling this method. Returns An async work handle for the all-reduce meant to notify the context manager that the process has not yet joined if joinable is the first one passed into the context manager; None otherwise. class torch.distributed.algorithms.Joinable[source]# This defines an abstract base class for joinable classes. A joinable class (inheriting from Joinable) should implement join_hook(), which returns a JoinHook instance, in addition to join_device() and join_process_group() that return device and process group information, respectively. abstract property join_device: device# Return the device from which to perform collective communications needed by the join context manager. abstract join_hook(kwargs)[source]# Return a JoinHook instance for the given Joinable. Parameters kwargs (dict) – a dict containing any keyword arguments to modify the behavior of the join hook at run time; all Joinable instances sharing the same join context manager are forwarded the same value for kwargs. Return type JoinHook abstract property join_process_group: Any# Returns the process group for the collective communications needed by the join context manager itself. class torch.distributed.algorithms.JoinHook[source]# This defines a join hook, which provides two entry points in the join context manager. Entry points : a main hook, which is called repeatedly while there exists a non-joined process, and a post-hook, which is called once all processes have joined. To implement a join hook for the generic join context manager, define a class that inherits from JoinHook and override main_hook() and post_hook() as appropriate. main_hook()[source]# Call this hook while there exists a non-joined process to shadow collective communications in a training iteration. Training iteration i.e., in one forward pass, backward pass, and optimizer step. post_hook(is_last_joiner)[source]# Call hook after all processes have joined. It is passed an additional bool argument is_last_joiner, which indicates if the rank is one of the last to join. Parameters is_last_joiner (bool) – True if the rank is one of the last to join; False otherwise.

Join

Pattern 2: Distributed communication package - torch.distributed# Created On: Jul 12, 2017 | Last Updated On: Sep 04, 2025 Note Please refer to PyTorch Distributed Overview for a brief introduction to all features related to distributed training. Backends# torch.distributed supports four built-in backends, each with different capabilities. The table below shows which functions are available for use with a CPU or GPU for each backend. For NCCL, GPU refers to CUDA GPU while for XCCL to XPU GPU. MPI supports CUDA only if the implementation used to build PyTorch supports it. Backend gloo mpi nccl xccl Device CPU GPU CPU GPU CPU GPU CPU GPU send ✓ ✘ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ recv ✓ ✘ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ broadcast ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ all_reduce ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ reduce ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ all_gather ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ gather ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ scatter ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ reduce_scatter ✓ ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ all_to_all ✓ ✓ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ barrier ✓ ✘ ✓ ? ✘ ✓ ✘ ✓ Backends that come with PyTorch# PyTorch distributed package supports Linux (stable), MacOS (stable), and Windows (prototype). By default for Linux, the Gloo and NCCL backends are built and included in PyTorch distributed (NCCL only when building with CUDA). MPI is an optional backend that can only be included if you build PyTorch from source. (e.g. building PyTorch on a host that has MPI installed.) Note As of PyTorch v1.8, Windows supports all collective communications backend but NCCL, If the init_method argument of init_process_group() points to a file it must adhere to the following schema: Local file system, init_method="file:///d:/tmp/some_file" Shared file system, init_method="file://////{machine_name}/{share_folder_name}/some_file" Same as on Linux platform, you can enable TcpStore by setting environment variables, MASTER_ADDR and MASTER_PORT. Which backend to use?# In the past, we were often asked: “which backend should I use?”. Rule of thumb Use the NCCL backend for distributed training with CUDA GPU. Use the XCCL backend for distributed training with XPU GPU. Use the Gloo backend for distributed training with CPU. GPU hosts with InfiniBand interconnect Use NCCL, since it’s the only backend that currently supports InfiniBand and GPUDirect. GPU hosts with Ethernet interconnect Use NCCL, since it currently provides the best distributed GPU training performance, especially for multiprocess single-node or multi-node distributed training. If you encounter any problem with NCCL, use Gloo as the fallback option. (Note that Gloo currently runs slower than NCCL for GPUs.) CPU hosts with InfiniBand interconnect If your InfiniBand has enabled IP over IB, use Gloo, otherwise, use MPI instead. We are planning on adding InfiniBand support for Gloo in the upcoming releases. CPU hosts with Ethernet interconnect Use Gloo, unless you have specific reasons to use MPI. Common environment variables# Choosing the network interface to use# By default, both the NCCL and Gloo backends will try to find the right network interface to use. If the automatically detected interface is not correct, you can override it using the following environment variables (applicable to the respective backend): NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME, for example export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eth0 GLOO_SOCKET_IFNAME, for example export GLOO_SOCKET_IFNAME=eth0 If you’re using the Gloo backend, you can specify multiple interfaces by separating them by a comma, like this: export GLOO_SOCKET_IFNAME=eth0,eth1,eth2,eth3. The backend will dispatch operations in a round-robin fashion across these interfaces. It is imperative that all processes specify the same number of interfaces in this variable. Other NCCL environment variables# Debugging - in case of NCCL failure, you can set NCCL_DEBUG=INFO to print an explicit warning message as well as basic NCCL initialization information. You may also use NCCL_DEBUG_SUBSYS to get more details about a specific aspect of NCCL. For example, NCCL_DEBUG_SUBSYS=COLL would print logs of collective calls, which may be helpful when debugging hangs, especially those caused by collective type or message size mismatch. In case of topology detection failure, it would be helpful to set NCCL_DEBUG_SUBSYS=GRAPH to inspect the detailed detection result and save as reference if further help from NCCL team is needed. Performance tuning - NCCL performs automatic tuning based on its topology detection to save users’ tuning effort. On some socket-based systems, users may still try tuning NCCL_SOCKET_NTHREADS and NCCL_NSOCKS_PERTHREAD to increase socket network bandwidth. These two environment variables have been pre-tuned by NCCL for some cloud providers, such as AWS or GCP. For a full list of NCCL environment variables, please refer to NVIDIA NCCL’s official documentation You can tune NCCL communicators even further using torch.distributed.ProcessGroupNCCL.NCCLConfig and torch.distributed.ProcessGroupNCCL.Options. Learn more about them using help (e.g. help(torch.distributed.ProcessGroupNCCL.NCCLConfig)) in the interpreter. Basics# The torch.distributed package provides PyTorch support and communication primitives for multiprocess parallelism across several computation nodes running on one or more machines. The class torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel() builds on this functionality to provide synchronous distributed training as a wrapper around any PyTorch model. This differs from the kinds of parallelism provided by Multiprocessing package - torch.multiprocessing and torch.nn.DataParallel() in that it supports multiple network-connected machines and in that the user must explicitly launch a separate copy of the main training script for each process. In the single-machine synchronous case, torch.distributed or the torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel() wrapper may still have advantages over other approaches to data-parallelism, including torch.nn.DataParallel(): Each process maintains its own optimizer and performs a complete optimization step with each iteration. While this may appear redundant, since the gradients have already been gathered together and a